[wpa] Add CCMP backend (new AES-based cryptosystem)

Signed-off-by: Marty Connor <mdc@etherboot.org>

src/config/config_net80211.c

@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ REQUIRE_OBJECT ( wireless_errors );
 REQUIRE_OBJECT ( wep );
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CRYPTO_80211_WPA2
+#define CRYPTO_80211_WPA
+REQUIRE_OBJECT ( wpa_ccmp );
+#endif
+
 #ifdef CRYPTO_80211_WPA
 REQUIRE_OBJECT ( wpa_psk );
 REQUIRE_OBJECT ( wpa_tkip );

src/config/general.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER );
  */
 #define	CRYPTO_80211_WEP	/* WEP encryption (deprecated and insecure!) */
 #define	CRYPTO_80211_WPA	/* WPA Personal, authenticating with passphrase */
+#undef	CRYPTO_80211_WPA2	/* Add support for stronger WPA cryptography */
 
 /*
  * Name resolution modules

src/include/gpxe/errfile.h

@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER );
 #define ERRFILE_wpa			( ERRFILE_NET | 0x00260000 )
 #define ERRFILE_wpa_psk			( ERRFILE_NET | 0x00270000 )
 #define ERRFILE_wpa_tkip		( ERRFILE_NET | 0x00280000 )
+#define ERRFILE_wpa_ccmp		( ERRFILE_NET | 0x00290000 )
 
 #define ERRFILE_image		      ( ERRFILE_IMAGE | 0x00000000 )
 #define ERRFILE_elf		      ( ERRFILE_IMAGE | 0x00010000 )

src/net/80211/wpa_ccmp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 Joshua Oreman <oremanj@rwcr.net>.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+
+FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER );
+
+#include <gpxe/net80211.h>
+#include <gpxe/crypto.h>
+#include <gpxe/hmac.h>
+#include <gpxe/sha1.h>
+#include <gpxe/aes.h>
+#include <gpxe/wpa.h>
+#include <byteswap.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/** @file
+ *
+ * Backend for WPA using the CCMP encryption method
+ */
+
+/** Context for CCMP encryption and decryption */
+struct ccmp_ctx
+{
+	/** AES context - only ever used for encryption */
+	u8 aes_ctx[AES_CTX_SIZE];
+
+	/** Most recently sent packet number */
+	u64 tx_seq;
+
+	/** Most recently received packet number */
+	u64 rx_seq;
+};
+
+/** Header structure at the beginning of CCMP frame data */
+struct ccmp_head
+{
+	u8 pn_lo[2];		/**< Bytes 0 and 1 of packet number */
+	u8 _rsvd;		/**< Reserved byte */
+	u8 kid;			/**< Key ID and ExtIV byte */
+	u8 pn_hi[4];		/**< Bytes 2-5 (2 first) of packet number */
+} __attribute__ (( packed ));
+
+
+/** CCMP header overhead */
+#define CCMP_HEAD_LEN	8
+
+/** CCMP MIC trailer overhead */
+#define CCMP_MIC_LEN	8
+
+/** CCMP nonce length */
+#define CCMP_NONCE_LEN	13
+
+/** CCMP nonce structure */
+struct ccmp_nonce
+{
+	u8 prio;		/**< Packet priority, 0 for non-QoS */
+	u8 a2[ETH_ALEN];	/**< Address 2 from packet header (sender) */
+	u8 pn[6];		/**< Packet number */
+} __attribute__ (( packed ));
+
+/** CCMP additional authentication data length (for non-QoS, non-WDS frames) */
+#define CCMP_AAD_LEN	22
+
+/** CCMP additional authentication data structure */
+struct ccmp_aad
+{
+	u16 fc;			/**< Frame Control field */
+	u8 a1[6];		/**< Address 1 */
+	u8 a2[6];		/**< Address 2 */
+	u8 a3[6];		/**< Address 3 */
+	u16 seq;		/**< Sequence Control field */
+	/* Address 4 and QoS Control are included if present */
+} __attribute__ (( packed ));
+
+/** Mask for Frame Control field in AAD */
+#define CCMP_AAD_FC_MASK	0xC38F
+
+/** Mask for Sequence Control field in AAD */
+#define CCMP_AAD_SEQ_MASK	0x000F
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert 6-byte LSB packet number to 64-bit integer
+ *
+ * @v pn	Pointer to 6-byte packet number
+ * @ret v	64-bit integer value of @a pn
+ */
+static u64 pn_to_u64 ( const u8 *pn )
+{
+	int i;
+	u64 ret = 0;
+
+	for ( i = 5; i >= 0; i-- ) {
+		ret <<= 8;
+		ret |= pn[i];
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert 64-bit integer to 6-byte packet number
+ *
+ * @v v		64-bit integer
+ * @v msb	If TRUE, reverse the output PN to be in MSB order
+ * @ret pn	6-byte packet number
+ *
+ * The PN is stored in LSB order in the packet header and in MSB order
+ * in the nonce. WHYYYYY?
+ */
+static void u64_to_pn ( u64 v, u8 *pn, int msb )
+{
+	int i;
+	u8 *pnp = pn + ( msb ? 5 : 0 );
+	int delta = ( msb ? -1 : +1 );
+
+	for ( i = 0; i < 6; i++ ) {
+		*pnp = v & 0xFF;
+		pnp += delta;
+		v >>= 8;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Value for @a msb argument of u64_to_pn() for MSB output */
+#define PN_MSB	1
+
+/** Value for @a msb argument of u64_to_pn() for LSB output */
+#define PN_LSB	0
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Initialise CCMP state and install key
+ *
+ * @v crypto	CCMP cryptosystem structure
+ * @v key	Pointer to 16-byte temporal key to install
+ * @v keylen	Length of key (16 bytes)
+ * @v rsc	Initial receive sequence counter
+ */
+static int ccmp_init ( struct net80211_crypto *crypto, const void *key,
+		       int keylen, const void *rsc )
+{
+	struct ccmp_ctx *ctx = crypto->priv;
+
+	if ( keylen != 16 )
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if ( rsc )
+		ctx->rx_seq = pn_to_u64 ( rsc );
+
+	cipher_setkey ( &aes_algorithm, ctx->aes_ctx, key, keylen );
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Encrypt or decrypt data stream using AES in Counter mode
+ *
+ * @v ctx	CCMP cryptosystem context
+ * @v nonce	Nonce value, 13 bytes
+ * @v srcv	Data to encrypt or decrypt
+ * @v len	Number of bytes pointed to by @a src
+ * @v msrcv	MIC value to encrypt or decrypt (may be NULL)
+ * @ret destv	Encrypted or decrypted data
+ * @ret mdestv	Encrypted or decrypted MIC value
+ *
+ * This assumes CCMP parameters of L=2 and M=8. The algorithm is
+ * defined in RFC 3610.
+ */
+static void ccmp_ctr_xor ( struct ccmp_ctx *ctx, const void *nonce,
+			   const void *srcv, void *destv, int len,
+			   const void *msrcv, void *mdestv )
+{
+	u8 A[16], S[16];
+	u16 ctr;
+	int i;
+	const u8 *src = srcv, *msrc = msrcv;
+	u8 *dest = destv, *mdest = mdestv;
+
+	A[0] = 0x01;		/* flags, L' = L - 1 = 1, other bits rsvd */
+	memcpy ( A + 1, nonce, CCMP_NONCE_LEN );
+
+	if ( msrcv ) {
+		A[14] = A[15] = 0;
+
+		cipher_encrypt ( &aes_algorithm, ctx->aes_ctx, A, S, 16 );
+
+		for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
+			*mdest++ = *msrc++ ^ S[i];
+		}
+	}
+
+	for ( ctr = 1 ;; ctr++ ) {
+		A[14] = ctr >> 8;
+		A[15] = ctr & 0xFF;
+
+		cipher_encrypt ( &aes_algorithm, ctx->aes_ctx, A, S, 16 );
+
+		for ( i = 0; i < len && i < 16; i++ )
+			*dest++ = *src++ ^ S[i];
+
+		if ( len <= 16 )
+			break;	/* we're done */
+
+		len -= 16;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Advance one block in CBC-MAC calculation
+ *
+ * @v aes_ctx	AES encryption context with key set
+ * @v B		Cleartext block to incorporate (16 bytes)
+ * @v X		Previous ciphertext block (16 bytes)
+ * @ret B	Clobbered
+ * @ret X	New ciphertext block (16 bytes)
+ *
+ * This function does X := E[key] ( X ^ B ).
+ */
+static void ccmp_feed_cbc_mac ( void *aes_ctx, u8 *B, u8 *X )
+{
+	int i;
+	for ( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
+		B[i] ^= X[i];
+	cipher_encrypt ( &aes_algorithm, aes_ctx, B, X, 16 );
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Calculate MIC on plaintext data using CBC-MAC
+ *
+ * @v ctx	CCMP cryptosystem context
+ * @v nonce	Nonce value, 13 bytes
+ * @v data	Data to calculate MIC over
+ * @v datalen	Length of @a data
+ * @v aad	Additional authentication data, for MIC but not encryption
+ * @ret mic	MIC value (unencrypted), 8 bytes
+ *
+ * @a aadlen is assumed to be 22 bytes long, as it always is for
+ * 802.11 use when transmitting non-QoS, not-between-APs frames (the
+ * only type we deal with).
+ */
+static void ccmp_cbc_mac ( struct ccmp_ctx *ctx, const void *nonce,
+			   const void *data, u16 datalen,
+			   const void *aad, void *mic )
+{
+	u8 X[16], B[16];
+
+	/* Zeroth block: flags, nonce, length */
+
+	/* Rsv AAD - M'-  - L'-
+	 *  0   1  0 1 1  0 0 1   for an 8-byte MAC and 2-byte message length
+	 */
+	B[0] = 0x59;
+	memcpy ( B + 1, nonce, CCMP_NONCE_LEN );
+	B[14] = datalen >> 8;
+	B[15] = datalen & 0xFF;
+
+	cipher_encrypt ( &aes_algorithm, ctx->aes_ctx, B, X, 16 );
+
+	/* First block: AAD length field and 14 bytes of AAD */
+	B[0] = 0;
+	B[1] = CCMP_AAD_LEN;
+	memcpy ( B + 2, aad, 14 );
+
+	ccmp_feed_cbc_mac ( ctx->aes_ctx, B, X );
+
+	/* Second block: Remaining 8 bytes of AAD, 8 bytes zero pad */
+	memcpy ( B, aad + 14, 8 );
+	memset ( B + 8, 0, 8 );
+
+	ccmp_feed_cbc_mac ( ctx->aes_ctx, B, X );
+
+	/* Message blocks */
+	while ( datalen ) {
+		if ( datalen >= 16 ) {
+			memcpy ( B, data, 16 );
+			datalen -= 16;
+		} else {
+			memcpy ( B, data, datalen );
+			memset ( B + datalen, 0, 16 - datalen );
+			datalen = 0;
+		}
+
+		ccmp_feed_cbc_mac ( ctx->aes_ctx, B, X );
+
+		data += 16;
+	}
+
+	/* Get MIC from final value of X */
+	memcpy ( mic, X, 8 );
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulate and encrypt a packet using CCMP
+ *
+ * @v crypto	CCMP cryptosystem
+ * @v iob	I/O buffer containing cleartext packet
+ * @ret eiob	I/O buffer containing encrypted packet
+ */
+struct io_buffer * ccmp_encrypt ( struct net80211_crypto *crypto,
+				  struct io_buffer *iob )
+{
+	struct ccmp_ctx *ctx = crypto->priv;
+	struct ieee80211_frame *hdr = iob->data;
+	struct io_buffer *eiob;
+	const int hdrlen = IEEE80211_TYP_FRAME_HEADER_LEN;
+	int datalen = iob_len ( iob ) - hdrlen;
+	struct ccmp_head head;
+	struct ccmp_nonce nonce;
+	struct ccmp_aad aad;
+	u8 mic[8], tx_pn[6];
+	void *edata, *emic;
+
+	ctx->tx_seq++;
+	u64_to_pn ( ctx->tx_seq, tx_pn, PN_LSB );
+
+	/* Allocate memory */
+	eiob = alloc_iob ( iob_len ( iob ) + CCMP_HEAD_LEN + CCMP_MIC_LEN );
+	if ( ! eiob )
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Copy frame header */
+	memcpy ( iob_put ( eiob, hdrlen ), iob->data, hdrlen );
+	hdr = eiob->data;
+	hdr->fc |= IEEE80211_FC_PROTECTED;
+
+	/* Fill in packet number and extended IV */
+	memcpy ( head.pn_lo, tx_pn, 2 );
+	memcpy ( head.pn_hi, tx_pn + 2, 4 );
+	head.kid = 0x20;	/* have Extended IV, key ID 0 */
+	head._rsvd = 0;
+	memcpy ( iob_put ( eiob, sizeof ( head ) ), &head, sizeof ( head ) );
+
+	/* Form nonce */
+	nonce.prio = 0;
+	memcpy ( nonce.a2, hdr->addr2, ETH_ALEN );
+	u64_to_pn ( ctx->tx_seq, nonce.pn, PN_MSB );
+
+	/* Form additional authentication data */
+	aad.fc = hdr->fc & CCMP_AAD_FC_MASK;
+	memcpy ( aad.a1, hdr->addr1, 3 * ETH_ALEN ); /* all 3 at once */
+	aad.seq = hdr->seq & CCMP_AAD_SEQ_MASK;
+
+	/* Calculate MIC over the data */
+	ccmp_cbc_mac ( ctx, &nonce, iob->data + hdrlen, datalen, &aad, mic );
+
+	/* Copy and encrypt data and MIC */
+	edata = iob_put ( eiob, datalen );
+	emic = iob_put ( eiob, CCMP_MIC_LEN );
+	ccmp_ctr_xor ( ctx, &nonce,
+		       iob->data + hdrlen, edata, datalen,
+		       mic, emic );
+
+	/* Done! */
+	DBGC2 ( ctx, "WPA-CCMP %p: encrypted packet %p -> %p\n", ctx,
+		iob, eiob );
+
+	return eiob;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decrypt a packet using CCMP
+ *
+ * @v crypto	CCMP cryptosystem
+ * @v eiob	I/O buffer containing encrypted packet
+ * @ret iob	I/O buffer containing cleartext packet
+ */
+static struct io_buffer * ccmp_decrypt ( struct net80211_crypto *crypto,
+					 struct io_buffer *eiob )
+{
+	struct ccmp_ctx *ctx = crypto->priv;
+	struct ieee80211_frame *hdr;
+	struct io_buffer *iob;
+	const int hdrlen = IEEE80211_TYP_FRAME_HEADER_LEN;
+	int datalen = iob_len ( eiob ) - hdrlen - CCMP_HEAD_LEN - CCMP_MIC_LEN;
+	struct ccmp_head *head;
+	struct ccmp_nonce nonce;
+	struct ccmp_aad aad;
+	u8 rx_pn[6], their_mic[8], our_mic[8];
+
+	iob = alloc_iob ( hdrlen + datalen );
+	if ( ! iob )
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Copy frame header */
+	memcpy ( iob_put ( iob, hdrlen ), eiob->data, hdrlen );
+	hdr = iob->data;
+	hdr->fc &= ~IEEE80211_FC_PROTECTED;
+
+	/* Check and update RX packet number */
+	head = eiob->data + hdrlen;
+	memcpy ( rx_pn, head->pn_lo, 2 );
+	memcpy ( rx_pn + 2, head->pn_hi, 4 );
+
+	if ( pn_to_u64 ( rx_pn ) <= ctx->rx_seq ) {
+		DBGC ( ctx, "WPA-CCMP %p: packet received out of order "
+		       "(%012llx <= %012llx)\n", ctx, pn_to_u64 ( rx_pn ),
+		       ctx->rx_seq );
+		free_iob ( iob );
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	ctx->rx_seq = pn_to_u64 ( rx_pn );
+	DBGC2 ( ctx, "WPA-CCMP %p: RX packet number %012llx\n", ctx, ctx->rx_seq );
+
+	/* Form nonce */
+	nonce.prio = 0;
+	memcpy ( nonce.a2, hdr->addr2, ETH_ALEN );
+	u64_to_pn ( ctx->rx_seq, nonce.pn, PN_MSB );
+
+	/* Form additional authentication data */
+	aad.fc = ( hdr->fc & CCMP_AAD_FC_MASK ) | IEEE80211_FC_PROTECTED;
+	memcpy ( aad.a1, hdr->addr1, 3 * ETH_ALEN ); /* all 3 at once */
+	aad.seq = hdr->seq & CCMP_AAD_SEQ_MASK;
+
+	/* Copy-decrypt data and MIC */
+	ccmp_ctr_xor ( ctx, &nonce, eiob->data + hdrlen + sizeof ( *head ),
+		       iob_put ( iob, datalen ), datalen,
+		       eiob->tail - CCMP_MIC_LEN, their_mic );
+
+	/* Check MIC */
+	ccmp_cbc_mac ( ctx, &nonce, iob->data + hdrlen, datalen, &aad,
+		       our_mic );
+
+	if ( memcmp ( their_mic, our_mic, CCMP_MIC_LEN ) != 0 ) {
+		DBGC2 ( ctx, "WPA-CCMP %p: MIC failure\n", ctx );
+		free_iob ( iob );
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	DBGC2 ( ctx, "WPA-CCMP %p: decrypted packet %p -> %p\n", ctx,
+		eiob, iob );
+
+	return iob;
+}
+
+
+/** CCMP cryptosystem */
+struct net80211_crypto ccmp_crypto __net80211_crypto = {
+	.algorithm = NET80211_CRYPT_CCMP,
+	.init = ccmp_init,
+	.encrypt = ccmp_encrypt,
+	.decrypt = ccmp_decrypt,
+	.priv_len = sizeof ( struct ccmp_ctx ),
+};
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Calculate HMAC-SHA1 MIC for EAPOL-Key frame
+ *
+ * @v kck	Key Confirmation Key, 16 bytes
+ * @v msg	Message to calculate MIC over
+ * @v len	Number of bytes to calculate MIC over
+ * @ret mic	Calculated MIC, 16 bytes long
+ */
+static void ccmp_kie_mic ( const void *kck, const void *msg, size_t len,
+			   void *mic )
+{
+	u8 sha1_ctx[SHA1_CTX_SIZE];
+	u8 kckb[16];
+	u8 hash[SHA1_SIZE];
+	size_t kck_len = 16;
+
+	memcpy ( kckb, kck, kck_len );
+
+	hmac_init ( &sha1_algorithm, sha1_ctx, kckb, &kck_len );
+	hmac_update ( &sha1_algorithm, sha1_ctx, msg, len );
+	hmac_final ( &sha1_algorithm, sha1_ctx, kckb, &kck_len, hash );
+
+	memcpy ( mic, hash, 16 );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decrypt key data in EAPOL-Key frame
+ *
+ * @v kek	Key Encryption Key, 16 bytes
+ * @v iv	Initialisation vector, 16 bytes (unused)
+ * @v msg	Message to decrypt
+ * @v len	Length of message
+ * @ret msg	Decrypted message in place of original
+ * @ret len	Adjusted downward for 8 bytes of overhead
+ * @ret rc	Return status code
+ *
+ * The returned message may still contain padding of 0xDD followed by
+ * zero or more 0x00 octets. It is impossible to remove the padding
+ * without parsing the IEs in the packet (another design decision that
+ * tends to make one question the 802.11i committee's intelligence...)
+ */
+static int ccmp_kie_decrypt ( const void *kek, const void *iv __unused,
+			      void *msg, u16 *len )
+{
+	if ( *len % 8 != 0 )
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if ( aes_unwrap ( kek, msg, msg, *len / 8 - 1 ) != 0 )
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*len -= 8;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** CCMP-style key integrity and encryption handler */
+struct wpa_kie ccmp_kie __wpa_kie = {
+	.version = EAPOL_KEY_VERSION_WPA2,
+	.mic = ccmp_kie_mic,
+	.decrypt = ccmp_kie_decrypt,
+};